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Medical Therapeutic - Respiratory System
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Anatomy
¨
NOSE – septum divides nares
4 pr. Sinuses drain into nose
Olfactory nerve of smell
PHARYNX – throat (nasopharynx –
adenoids (oropharynx –
tonsils
¨
LARYNX – thyroid cartilage –
Adam’s Apple
¨
TRACHEA – “C” shape
Divides into primary bronchi, secondary, bronchioles,
Alveoli duets
à sacs
¨
LUNGS:
Right – bronchus – larger, more vertical
Left - bronchus – 45
degree angle and smaller
760
mm Hg – atmospheric pressure
CO2 – stimulates resp. (acidosis) CO2 + H2O= carbonic acid H2 CO2 ratio)
Blood pH 7.35 – 7.45 (hydrogen ions)
more acid= acid
Na H CO3 = Sod. Bicarb
SURFACTANT
– LINES ALVEOLI
Needs
adequate blood supply for full oxygenation. With a lack of oxygen,
smaller alveoli cannot handle surface tension & will collapse
Mediastinum – area with
esophagus, trachea, large blood vessels and heart
¨ Thoracic
Cavity – is closed – base is diaphragm
TERMS
Vital
capacity vs. residual
Atelectasis
Pnemonia -
Pulmonary edema - Pleural
effusion - Pulmonary
fibrosis - Pneumothorax
Diagnosis Procedures
1.
X-Ray -
Bronchoscopy –
Pre :
NPO 8-12hrs, remove dentures
Post :
NPO several hrs. – until gag reflex returns.
Throat irritated – no smoking or talking
3.
Bronchography – S/A but dye put in trachea and flows downbronchial
tree. X-Rays taken out of radio opaque dye.
Post
– S/A plus postural drainage
Sputum Exam – morning specimen
best
If culture – sterile cup, rinse
mouth with H2O. No
mouth wash
Gastric analysis: NPO 8-12 hrs.
Gastric juice aspirated via gastric tube
6.
Throacentesis – Diagnostic &
Therapeutic
Procedure Base line V.S.
During procedure: observe skin – color, etc.
Orthopneic position :
check pulse and respirations
Post
Procedure: Check for resp. changes i.e., rate,
Pattern, coughing, expectoration of blood, bld.
Tinged sputum
7.
Tuberculin Tests:Scratch
test with 5 tuberculin units (5tu)
B.
Tine test ) PPD 250 TU
- Multi-puncture read
in 72 hrs.
Mantoux Test read in 48 hrs.
Intradermal) induration of over 10mm positive for TBnot
erythma 5
to 9mm – re-test
Negative
skin test – does not R/O T.B.
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