ANTIEMETICS
Dramamine/sea
sickness
EMETICS AND
ANTIEMETICES
Explain why the
use of emetics is relatively limited.
Except in
firs-aid situations, the use of emetics has been largely supplanted
by the use of gastric lavage.
What are some
common household substances that may be used as
emetics?Mustrd water, a
mild soapsuds solution, warm salt water, and copious amounts of
tepid water are common household substances that will usually induce
vomiting by direct irritation of the gastric
mucosa.
Are the common
household substanes safe to use in poisoning?
If a poison has
been swallowed and the patient is alert, vomiting induced
by large amounts of tepid water, weak salt water, or weak soap
solution can do little harm.
In what types of
situations are emetics contraindicated?
Emetics are not
recommened in case of poisoning with corrosive alkalies (lye) ar
hydrocorbons (kerosene, naphtha, gasoline), if the patient is
unconscious, or if the danger of convulsions is
present.
List two
centrally acting emetics.
Apomorphine
hydrochloride (a morphine derivative) acts centrally by selective
stimulation of the vomiting center in the medulla. Ipecac, another common
emectic, has a central action as well as an irritant action an
mucous surfaces.
Identify several
classes of drugs that depress the vomiting center in the medulla,
thereby exerting antiemetic effects, and give an example of
each.
Several classes
of drugs that have antiemetic properties are the phenothiazines
(e.g., compazine), the antihistamines (e.g., Dramamine, Tigan), and
the sedatives (phenobarbital).
ACTION:
Relieve nausea
and vomiting
Route and
Dosaqe: P.O. I.M.
Rectal 50 mg
Nursinq
Implications: Side rails
up
TIGAN
ACTION: Same as
Dramamine
Route and
Dosage : P.O. I.M. Rectal 250 mg
q.i.d.
Side
Effects: Drowsiness,
vertigo
Nursinq
Implications: Side rails
up
COMPAZINE
ACTION: Same as
Dramamine
Route and
Dosa: P.O. I.M.
Rectal 5 - 10 mg
SIDE
EFFECTS:
FEW
NURSING
IMPLICATIONS:
NONE
THORAZINE
ACTION: Same as
tranquilizer
Route and
Dosage: P.O.I.M.
Rectal 10 - 100 mg
Side
Effects
Drowsiness,
dizziness, hypotension, blood dyscrasias,
photosensivity